晚清至民国时期会馆演进的多维趋向

On the Regional Guild Halls in the Period from the Late Qing Dynasty to the Republic of China

晚清时期,官绅试子会馆、工商会馆和移民会馆随着社会变迁的加快,出现了不同的演进趋向。官绅试子会馆与全国整体的政治形势以及本籍官员的政治沉浮密切相关,科举变革以后,会馆政治化色彩趋浓,会馆管理日益被纳入晚清和民国政府的视野。工商会馆在完成了内部整合的基础上,进一步在规范市场秩序、开展城市公共建设中日益显示出积极的作用。移民会馆则继续向待开发区域拓展。因此,晚清会馆的发展,并没有在整体上呈现出衰落的景象,只是其功能发生了一些迁移。

With the acceleration of social changes in the late Qing Dynasty, there were varied tendencies of development of the regional guild halls, including regional guild halls for officials and those candidates for imperial examination, regional guild halls of merchants and regional guild halls for the non-natives. The rise and fall of the regional guild halls for officials and candidates were interrelated with the change of the political situation and the career of the officials of certain places. After the transform of the imperial examination, there were pronounced political colours in these guild halls, and the guild halls were brought under state administration. The regional guild halls of merchants played a role in standardizing market order and promoting cities public constructions after they finished their inner integration. The regional halls for the non-natives extended to the developing areas. Regional guild halls did not wane in power in the late Qing period and there were some changes in their functions.