基于能流物流理论的农牧交错带生态治理模式研究——以内蒙古后山旱农区为例

Ecological management model of agriculture-pasture ecotone based on the theory of energy and material flow—a case study in Houshan dryland area of Inner Mongolia.

中国北方农牧交错带的生态环境问题引起了人们广泛关注 .经过多年的攻关研究 ,以能物流理论为指导 ,根据地处北方农牧交错带的后山旱农区的自然、社会、经济特征 ,提出了以丘陵为单元的生态治理模式 .1999年对传统顺坡种植模式、人工草地模式和生态治理模式进行观测 .能物流分析结果表明 ,生态治理模式与传统的种植模式相比 ,能提高太阳能利用率 8 3% ,提高能量输出量 8 7% ,提高能量转化效率19 4 % ,N的输出量提高 2 6 5 % ,转化效率提高 5 7 1% ,P的输出量提高 12 1% ,转化效率提高 4 5 0 % ,水分利用效率提高 17 7% .人工草地模式与传统模式和生态治理模式相比 ,其太阳能利用率、能量输出量、能量转化效率都是最低的 .治理模式产出最多 ,盈利最多 ,是经济效益最好的模式 ,经济效率比传统模式提高 16 1% .

The degradation of ecological environment in the agriculture -pasture ecotone in northern China has been paid more attentions.Based on our many years' research and under the guide of energy and material flow theory,this paper put forward an ecological management model,with a hill as the basic cell and according to the natural,social and economic characters of Houshan dryland farming area inside the north agriculture-pasture ecotone.The input and output of three models,i.e.,the traditional along-slope-tillage model,the artificial grassland model and the ecological management model,were observed and recorded in detail in 1999.Energy and material flow analysis based on field test showed that compared with traditional model,ecological management model could increase solar use efficiency by 8.3%,energy output by 8.7%,energy conversion efficiency by 19.4%,N output by 26.5%,N conversion efficiency by 57.1%,P output by 12.1%,P conversion efficiency by 45.0%,and water use efficiency by 17.7%.Among the models,artificial grassland model had the lowest solar use efficiency,energy output and energy conversion efficiency;while the ecological management model had the most outputs and benefits,was the best model with high economic effect,and increased economic benefits by 16.1%,compared with the traditional model.