外商直接投资对城市发展的影响效应研究

Study on the Impact of FDI on Urban Development

改革开放以来,外商直接投资(FDI)不仅成为中国城市创新的重要动力之一,而且也是中国经济巨大发展在城市领域的显著表现。通过采用定性与定量相结合方法进行研究发现:(1)FDI小规模进入一般不会改变城市性质,但可以提升、增加或改变城市的一般职能;随着FDI进入城市规模的扩大,城市性质就会发生变化;(2)城市经济实力要素对FDI具有很强的吸引力,FDI的直接作用结果又提高了城市经济实力和规模;(3)FDI通过经济开发区对城市空间结构产生很大影响。(4)城市体系是FDI的空间载体,FDI是城市体系演化的重要动力。城市政府要通过"引导、规范、治理、服务、经营"等调控手段,大力加强城市软环境的建设,高度重视城市产业集群的形成,适时促进城市职能与性质的转换,着力统筹城市空间组织的功能。

FDI has played a significant role in the change of China's urban development condition, including urban industry structure, urban economic growth and urban competitiveness, since the reform and open up policy was adopted. By the integrated methods of qualitative analysis and quantitative research, this paper finds out the followings: (1) FDI on a small scale may change only common urban functions, but FDI on a large scale cause transformation of urban nature. (2) Urban FDI scale shows evident correlation with urban economic strengths, while not with urban economic benefits. All of these demonstrate that factors of urban economic strength have strong attractiveness to FDI, and the same time, the direct results of FDI improve the strength and scale of urban economy. (3) Urban spatial structure is influenced by FDI via economic development parks. (4) Urban system is the spatial carrier of FDI, and FDI is the motive force of urban system change. By means of guidance, norm, rectification, service and operation, urban governments must build soft environment, develop industry clusters, change urban functions and natures, and arrange urban spatial organization.