洛克思想的宽容与创新——纪念洛克逝世三百周年

The Toleration and Creativity in Locke's Thought

本文从三个方面论述了洛克思想中的宽容与创新。首先,哲学与常识的融合。洛克的任务是使哲学成为常识,以代替天赋观念这一陈腐的常识。他认为,理性之所以伟大,就在于从常识中寻找根据,始终与常识一致,所以理性本质上就是一种常识的态度。其次,理性与虔敬的调和。洛克认为天赋观念说还未能把人的理性充分发挥出来,理性的充分发挥与肯定上帝的存在是相一致的。再次,机械论与经院哲学方法的混用。洛克在关于第一性和第二性的质的观念的形成以及观念与性质相似或不相似的论述中,既有机械论的方法,又有经院哲学因果观的成分。

This article discusses the toleration and creativity in Locke's thought from three aspects. The first is the fusion of the philosophy and common sense. The mission of Locke is to make the philosophy become the common sense rather than the innate idea. He suggested that rationality's greatness consists in looking for grounds from the common sense and should be always consistent with it, therefore rationality essentially is the attitude of a kind of common sense. Secondly, rationality is concordant with the reverence. Locke pointed out that the innate idea still could not fully make use of human's rationality, which should be consistent with the being of God. Thirdly, he put Mechanism and Scholasticism together. In Locke's discussion of the forming of the ideas of primary quality and secondary quality, and that of the similarities and differences between the ideas and the two kinds of qualities, there are parts of Mechanism, and parts of Scholasticism.