样例的外部表征对问题解决迁移的影响

Effect of external representation of worked-out example on problem solving transfer

外部表征在样例学习中发生着非常重要的影响。本研究考查了从样例学习到问题解决过渡的样例外部表征设计方式。进行重复测量设计的方差分析,实验结果表明:渐减提示法是动态的联结样例和问题解决的有效形式,符合认知技能获得的四阶段模型和建构主义学习观的基本要求;渐减提示法有助于促进学习者对样例问题进行高质量的自我解释和产生心理预期,是实现从样例学习到问题解决过渡的有效方法。

External representation plays an important role in learning from worked-out example. The present research has been done on how to smoothly bridge learning from worked-out and problem solving. It concludes that fading procedure is the effective way to combine example study and problem solving in learning from worked-out example, that is to say, fading procedure fosters learning, weather it is near or far from the transfer. It is good for the transition from learning from worked-out to problem solving, and it fits the four stages model of cognitive acquisition and the view of learning of constructivism; using fading worked-out example fostered the self-explanation for learning and stimulated the participants to infer which would be the next step of the example.