几种野生植物提取物抑菌作用研究

The Inhibiting Effect of Extracts from Some Wild Plants on Plant Pathogens

本文以乙醇为溶剂 ,分别提取了瓦松、泽漆及一组中草药配方的有效成分 ;室内测定了三种提取液对 5种植物病原菌 (棉花枯萎病菌Fusariumoxysporumf.sp .vasinfectum ;小麦赤霉病菌FusariumgraminearumSchw ;西瓜枯萎病菌Fusariumoxysporumf.sp .niveum ;仙人掌软腐病菌Erwiniachrysanthemipv.chrysanthemi;魔芋软腐病菌Erwiniacarotovorapv .carotovora)的抑菌作用。结果表明 :三种提取物对镰刀菌均有不同程度的抑制作用 ,且三种提取物的抑菌效果差异显著 ,其中瓦松的抑菌效果最强。当在 5 0mL培养基中加入 5mL不同提取液时 ,瓦松对不同镰刀菌的相对抑制率为 91 .39%～ 1 0 0 % ;中草药配方提取液对不同镰刀菌的相对抑制率分别为 4 1 .1 1 %～ 85 .37% ;而泽漆提取液对镰刀菌的相对抑制率仅为 1 2 .86 %～ 2 1 .2 3% ;当在 5 0mL培养基中加入提取液体积降低为 2mL、1mL、0 .5mL时 ,三种提取液对三种镰刀菌的抑制效果骤然下降 ,但下降的梯度不一。对大白菜软腐病菌与魔芋软腐病菌而言也是瓦松的抑菌效果最强 ,中草药配方次之 ,泽漆的抑制效果最差。

The activities of extracts from Orostachys fimbriatus, Euphoribia helioscopia and a prescription of some Chinese traditional Herbs against three Fusarium and two Erwinia were tested. The results indicated that extracts from Orostachys fimbriatus exhibited strong antifungal and antibacterial activities.The antifungal activities of Orostachys fimbriatus was from 91.39% to 100% when 5mL extracts was added to 50mL media.While inhibition rates of the other two extracts against three Fusarium were less than the Orostachys fimbriatus. In addition, inhibition rates soon declined when the volume of added extracts was reduced to 2mL, 1mL and 0.5mL.On the other hand, inhibiting effects of extracts against Erwinia chrysanthemi pv. chrysanthemi and Erwinia carotovora pv. carotovora have the same trend as their antifungal activities.