从野生蟾蜍分离致病性着色真菌的研究

Study on Isolation of Pathogenic Dematiaceous Fungi from Wild Toads

目的从野生蟾蜍分离致病性着色真菌。方法在着色芽生菌病高发区和无病区分别捕捉野生蟾蜍,取内脏制成悬液分离着色真菌。结果在着色芽生菌病高发区山东章丘,354只野生蟾蜍中有151只分离出着色真菌,占42.7%,共计分离出着色真菌11种,162株,其中疣状瓶霉49株,外瓶霉33株,瓶霉属19株,甄氏外瓶霉19株,卡氏枝孢12株,可疑卡氏枝孢3株,喙枝孢7株,裴氏着色霉5株,毛样枝孢4株,棘状外瓶霉3株,枝孢属3株,小尾枝孢1株,未鉴定4株。而在无病区山东莱阳,45只蟾蜍中仅有4只分离出非致病性着色真菌,占8.9%。结论着色芽生菌病流行区野生蟾蜍真菌的分离阳性率显著高于非流行区,且分离出多种致病性着色真菌,提示野生蟾蜍带菌与着色芽生菌病的流行相关。

Objective To compare the carriage of dematiaceous fungi in wild toads from both en-demic area and non-epidemic area of chromoblastomycosis.Methods A total of354and45wild toads(Bufo Chinese)were caught from two counties of Shandong Province,Zhangqiu county,an endemic area of chromoblastomycosis,and from Laiyang county,an area where the infection of dematiaceous fungi in humans has not been found,respectively.The toads were killed and the suspension of the internal organs were used to isolate dematiaceous fungi.Results Eleven species including162strains of dematiaceous fungi were iso-lated from151of354(42.7%)toads from the endemic area.The isolated strains consisted of49Phialopho-ra verrucosa,33Exsophiala,19Phialophora(nonpathogenic),19E.jenselmei,12Cladosporium carrionii,3suspected of C.carrionii,7Rhinocladiella sp.,5Fonsecaea pedrosoi,4C.trichoides,3E.spinifera,1C.mi-nourae,4unidentified.Only4nonpathogenic dematiaceous fungi were isolated from4of45(8.9%)toads obtained from non-epidemic area.Conclusions Varieties of pathogenic dematiaceous fungi,especially C.carrionii,are isolated from wild toads in endemic area of chromoblastomycosis,while none from non-endemic area.The results suggest that the colonization of pathogenic dematiaceous fungi in wild toads may be associa-ted with endemicity of chromoblastomycosis.