转基因鱼的食用安全性评价及其分子生物学基础

Safety evaluation of food from transgenic fish and the molecular biological mechanism

我国的鱼类基因转移育种研究位于世界领先地位 ,但转基因鱼的安全性及其评价方法的研究才刚刚开始。转基因鱼与植物或陆生动物相比 ,游动性大 ,不易跟踪观察 ,同时 ,鱼类怀卵量大 ,生殖周期短 ,繁殖个体众多 ,因此可能引发的生态安全问题更为严重。由基因操作过程可能引发的的安全性危险是转基因鱼安全性研究的另一主要问题 ,主要是嵌合型整合及其导致的遗传稳定性和整合位点效应问题。转基因鱼不育系的培育和外源基因的定点整合是解决这两个问题的主要方法 ,同时也是转基因鱼食用安全性评价和检测的基础。目前还未见转基因鱼营养学评价、过敏性评价及模式蛋白建立的报道 ;其次 ,在转基因鱼的研究中对外源基因整合及表达水平的检测虽然一直都在进行 ,但以食品安全为目标的检测的基础研究还没有进行。

More progresses have been made in the studying of transgenic fish in China, but the studying work of safety evaluation of food from transgenic fish are started up just now. Compared to plants and animals on the land, it is more difficult to control the mobility of fish and fish can give birth to a large number of offsprings, so the ecological risk or hazard about transgenic fish is more critical than others.Another safety problem is the chimerism which is initiated by the gene transfer methods used in the transgenic fish. Getting sterile triploid transgenic fish and fixed point integration are efficient to solve the two problems above respectively.The solution of the two problems are also the basis of safety evaluation and detection of food from transgenic fish. Up to now, there are little reports on the safety evaluation of transgenic fish including nutritional evaluation and allergic reaction, and there are no basic research on the detection of transgenic fish for the aim of food safety. In brief,it is very urgent to start up the research on the safety evaluation and detection of transgenic fish for the control of food safety.