黑龙江省几个玉米杂交种氮效率差异的分析

Analysis of Nitrogen Use Efficiency Differences among Several Maize Hybrids of Heilongjiang Province

本试验利用对氮素反应呈不同表现类型的6个玉米杂交种,在4个施氮水平下,对其氮效率、产量及相关性状等进行了研究。结果表明,不同玉米杂交种的产量、氮累积量、氮效率和氮响应度存在明显的差异。克单8和垦玉6的氮响应度较高,增施氮肥可较大幅度提高产量。据不同施氮量下的玉米氮效率,可将玉米杂交种划分为四种氮效率类型:绥玉7属于双高效型、龙单13属于低氮高效型、垦玉6属于高氮高效型、垦鉴玉6属于双低效型。通径分析表明,氮吸收效率和氮利用效率对氮效率的作用均是直接作用大于间接作用,氮吸收效率对氮效率的直接作用在3个施氮处理中均大于氮利用效率对氮效率的直接作用,且是低氮下吸收作用强,高氮下利用效率对氮效率的直接作用要增强。据性状与产量相关分析表明,低氮条件下应选择抽丝期穗位叶叶绿素含量高,抽丝期穗位叶叶面积大,籽粒氮含量高,氮效率高和氮收获指数高的品种;高氮条件下应选择抽丝期生物量大和成熟期生物量大的品种。

The nitrogen use efficiency(NUE), yield and traits of six maize hybrids of different response to nitrogen(N) were studied at four application N levels. The results showed that significant different existed among hybrids in grain yield, N accumulation, NUE and N responsiveness. The N responsiveness of Kedan8 and Kenyu6 were more higher, applied N to them would bring about a substantial rise in output. Based on NUE of maize under low and high application N condition, hybrids could be classified into four types in NUE, double high efficiency such as Shuiyu7, high efficiency in low N such as Longdan13, high efficiency in high N such as Kenyu6, double low efficiency such as Kenjianyu6. Path analysis showed that the direct effect of N uptake and N utilization contributed to NUE was bigger than indirect effect of that. The direct effect of N uptake efficiency was bigger than the direct effect of N utilization efficiency at three application N, and uptake was more effect at low N. The direct of utilization to NUE was gradually strengthen along with N fertilizer. According to correlation analysis of yield and properties, the following traits should be included, higher chlorophyll content and bigger area of ear leaf at heading period, higher N content of grain, NUE and N harvest index in choosing cultivars at lower N, and the bigger biomass at heading period and maturity should be included at higher N.