钱穆对中国古典政治文明的认识及其局限

QIAN Mu's Research on Ancient Chinese Political Civilization and Its Defects

钱穆从社会形态的视角,分析中国传统社会是一个以士人阶层为社会政治领导者的平民社会,在此基础上,中国古典政治以选拔贤能参加、组织政府为主导原则,并由此建立职权分配细密的职官制度。钱穆也认为中国传统政治中央集权过度、地方政治衰败,社会的平铺化导致社会缺乏力量是中国传统政治的主要结构性缺陷。钱穆先生的局限在于欠缺现代自下而上的权利观念的视野,还在古典政治的理想中寻找解决其弊病的途径。

QIAN Mu highlighted that ancient Chinese society was led by a scholar-bureaucrat class through the dimension of social formation. Ancient Chinese politics has a primary principle of selecting the solons to form government, and establish the bureaucracy institution. QIAN Mu pointed out that the main structural defects of ancient Chinese politics was over centralization of government,local politics' decay and social impotence induced by tiled society.The main limit of QIAN Mu's view is the lack of modern concepts of rights.