诺沃克类病毒

A review on the epidemiology of Norwalk viruses

诺沃克类病毒是引起急性非细菌性胃肠炎暴发的病原之一 ,常通过污染的食物和水而传播。通过分子生物学技术能够从大便标本中检出该病毒。诺沃克类病毒也称为小圆结构病毒 ,并归类为杯状病毒成员。可分为两个不同的基因组 ,基因 Ⅰ 组 (GⅠ)和基因Ⅱ 组 (GⅡ)。诺沃克类病毒多在餐厅、护理中心、医院、学校、旅游等地爆发流行。

Norwalk viruses (NVs) cause outbreaks of acute nonbacterial gastroenteritis and spread frequently through contaminated foods or water. Molecular diagnostics enables detecting viruses in fecal specimens. NVs are also called small round-structured viruses(SRSVs) and members of the family Caliciviridae. NVs can be divided into two distinct genogroups,genogroup Ⅰ(GⅠ) and genogroup Ⅱ(GⅡ). Outbreaks of NVs gastroenteritis most commonly occur in restaurants,nursing homes,hospitals,schools and in touring sites.