俄汉喻体的民族审美取向

The National Aesthetic Orientation of Russian and Chinese Vehicles

喻体是比喻的基本要素之一。对喻体所作的语义学和语用学研究表明:人类的共同本性、特征和知识决定了人们在使用喻体时具有共同理念和审美取向。俄语和汉语是两种不同的语言,但俄汉喻体在语义类型和遣字用词方面却有着惊人的相同或相似。然而,由于受不同民族的政治、经济、文化、历史、风俗习惯和地理环境等因素的影响,俄汉民族都有着各自不同的审美意识和价值观,从而使喻体蕴涵了典型的民族特征。跨文化分析和研究还进一步表明:俄汉喻体的共性和异性是由不同民族的审美取向的差异决定的。

In linguistics, the vehicle is one of the fundamental elements in the trope. A semantic and pragmatic research into the vehicle reveals that the similarity of human notions and aesthetic orientation derives from the similarity of human nature, characteristics and knowledge. Russian and Chinese vehicles, though belonging to different language systems, share the same or similar semantic categories and diction. Influenced by different social elements of politics, economics, cultures, customs, history and geography, people of different nations, however, have different notions and values which characterize their linguistic vehicles of a unique national nature. Cross- cultural studies also reveals that similarities and difference between the two vehicles result from the difference of national aesthetic orientation.