2—3岁儿童的气质、环境因素与儿童行为的相互影响

The relationship of teperament,environment,and behavioral problems in children aged 2-3 years

采用问卷法对西安市部分入托儿童的行为、气质结构以及它们与生长环境之间的相互关系进行探讨。发现:①2～3岁儿童的气质类型以 E 和 I—E 型居多。②2～3岁儿童行为障碍的发生率是12.7%,社会退缩及攻击行为相对较多。③行为障碍发生率及气质分类与性别无关。④仅以行为总分异常与否诊断行为障碍是很不合适的。⑤气质特征、环境因素对儿童行为均有显著影响,气质的影响相对较大,在环境因素中,教育方法是影响儿童行为的主要因素。⑥在制定儿童异常行为和心理障碍的干预措施时,应认真考虑儿童的气质特征;幼教工作也应针对儿童的气质特征制定相应的教育方案。

The assessment of temperament,development environment,and behavioral prob-lems were carried out for 306 children aged 2 to 3 years in a kindergarten in Xian City.Measured byToddler Temperament Scale,the main temperamental cluster in this sample was intermediate-low type(39.91%).For the rest,the easy type accounted for 33.91%,difficult type for 11.59%,interme-diate-high type for 4.66%.The percentage of easy & difficult children were lower than that reportedin western coutries.The children with different temperament showed significant variation in the inci-dence of behavioral problems.other important factors contributing to the presence of behavioral prob-lems were parents' educational pattern,parents' marital stability,the occupation of father,and eco-nomic status of the family.