中老年人心理社会因素对认知功能影响的初步调查

A preliminary study of the relationship between psychosocial risk factors and cognitive function in middle-old people

目的:探讨在正常中老年人中,心理社会因素对认知功能的影响。方法:通过横断面调查,以198例北京市城乡40岁以上非痴呆中老年人为对象,应用简易精神状态检查(MMSE)对认知功能进行评价,详细调查每个受访者的教育、婚姻、居住状态以及生活习惯。通过单因素分析和多元线性回归分析,评价心理社会因素对认知功能的影响。结果:单因素分析显示年龄越高、受教育越低、独身、居住在农村、不与配偶和子女同住、居住条件差、不喜咸以及长期吸烟者MMSE成绩明显下降(P<0.01)。多元线性回归分析中,经年龄和教育校正后,独身犤回归系数(β)=-0.210154,P=0.001犦、长期吸烟(β=-0.2252363,P=0.04)仍然与MMSE成绩呈显著意义的负相关关系。而住房较好(β=1.041417,P=0.006)、与配偶子女同住(β=7.882808,P=0.0001)与MMSE成绩呈显著意义的正相关关系。结论:不良的心理社会因素可以造成正常中老年人认知功能的衰退,对相关因素积极进行社会心理学干预,对于减少或减缓痴呆的发生有重要的社会和实践意义。

AIM:To investigate the effects of psychosocial factors on the cognitive function in normal middle old people. METHODS:A cross sectional study was conducted in 198 persons without dementia aged above 40 years who lived in Beijing city and rural area.The cognitive function was tested by mini mental state examination(MMSE).The general conditions of each participant,including education background, marital status,residential condition and living habits,were inquired in detail. The effects of between psychosocial factors on the cognitive function were assessed with single variable analysis and multiple linear regression analysis. RESULTS:The single variable analysis showed that the MMSE scores were significantly decreased in the subjects,who were elder,with low education, celibacy,in rural area,solitary,bad residential condition,long term smoker or disliked salty food(P< 0.01).In the multiple linear regression analysis, celibacy(β=-0.210 154,P=0.001)and long term smoking(β= -0.225 236 3,P=0.04)still showed a significant negative correlation with the MMSE scores after being corrected by age and education.However,good residential condition(β=1.041 417,P=0.006)and dwelling with spouse and child(β=7.882 808, P=0.000 1)showed a significant positive correlation with the MMSE scores after being corrected by age and education. CONCLUSION:The psychosocial factors probably play an important role in the cognitive decline in normal middle old people,and active psychosocial intervention to reduce and relieve the incidence of dementia has important social and practical significance.