两汉边防战略思想的发展及其主要特征

The Development of Strategic Thinking On Frontier Defence in West and East Han Dynasties and Their Characteristics

本文认为两汉的边防战略思想经历了一个发展演变的过程 :西汉前期 ,奉行“黄老学说” ,采用南抚北守、以防为主的战略思想 ;自汉武帝起 ,“尊儒”“重法” ,实行主力伐胡、开拓边疆的战略 ;东汉前期 ,在“柔道”治国方针的指导下 ,实行保境安民、俱存不扰的战略思想 ,废除更戍役制度 ,大力调整边防力量 ;东汉中后期 ,公卿大臣“多近儒” ,实行“恩信招降”、“以夷制夷”的战略思想 ,着力于组建与增设营兵 ,大量使用属国兵等。在不同历史阶段 ,由于形势不同 ,边防战略思想有别 ,战略思想的文化特征和所产生的效果、影响也各有不同。

This paper argues that the strategic thinking on frontier defence underwent an evolution. In the early period of the Western Han Dynasty, following the teachings of the Yellow Emperor and Lao Tzu, the court adopted the strategic policy of consoling the south and defending the north, taking defence as the main aspect. From the time of Emperor Wu, it carried out the strategy of strinking against the Hu people and exploiting the borderland. In the early period of the Eastern Han Dynasty, following the principle of placation, it implemented the strategic policy of defending the frontier and safeguarding the people, mutual existence and no intrusion. Thus, it abolished the rotation system of garrison service and made adjustments to the borderland force. In the middle and late periods, it practiced the strategic policy of playing off one barbarian state against another, thus making use of a number of the armies of dependencies. At a different historical stage, the strategic thinking on frontier defence differed, the cultural characteristics and effects as well as influences on strategic thinking also varied according to differing situations.s FrontierD