中国京沪深渝1991-2000年食物中毒情况分析

Analysis of the food poisoning cases in 4 cities of China from 1991 to 2000

分析我国北京、上海、深圳和重庆1991-2000年食物中毒情况,揭示大城市食物中毒发生的现状、原因、分布规律、变化趋势及影响因素,为预防和控制食物中毒提供科学依据.分析结果表明,京沪深渝4个城市在10年间共发生食物中毒897起,中毒25 616人,死亡62人.其中47.6％为微生物性食物中毒,31.6％为化学性食物中毒;食物中毒发生场所居前3位的依次为集体食堂(占45.7％)、饮食服务单位(占20. 5％)和家庭(占13.2％).建议:加强政府行政干预和食品卫生监督管理力度;重视食物中毒的预警研究;对农药残留实行跟踪检测;开展对食品污染物的持续性全面监测;减少食物中毒的漏报率;完善各级食物中毒情况公布机制.

The food poisoning cases in Beijing, Shanghai, Shenzhen and Chongqing cities from 1991 to 2000 were analyzed in detail to make clear the status, causes, distribution, tendency and the effect of food poisoning cases in these cities and to establish the foundation for prevention and control of the poisoning events. The results showed that there were 897 food poisoning cases, 25 616 sufferers and 62 deaths during those 10 years. Of all the cases, 47. 6% were caused by microbiologic pathogens and 31. 6% by chemical factors. The main sites of poisoning cases were mess halls (45. 7% ) , food services units (20. 5% ) and dwellings (13. 2% ). Proposals; 1. Enhancing government surveillance and management of food hygiene. 2. Paying more attention to the research on early warning. 3. Developing trail detecting for pesticide remains. 4. Carrying out continuous complete detection for food contaminants. 5. Reducing the failure to report food poisoning cases. 6. Perfecting promulgation system at different levels of food poisoning cases.