天然油脂一步法烷氧基化及其产物乳化性能研究

Study of Direct Alkoxylation of Natural Fats & Oils and Emulsifying Properties of the Products

以几种天然油脂(豆油、菜油、棕榈油、橄榄油)为原料,在自制FY系列催化剂作用下与环氧乙烷(EO)或环氧丙烷(PO)在140℃、0 3～0 4MPa下,经一步法嵌入反应得到乙氧基化油脂(EFO)或丙氧基化油脂(PFO)。测定了EFO和PFO的自乳化性能和乳化性能,并实验了大豆色拉油衍生EFO代替大豆色拉油作为原料复配润滑油剂及该油剂形成微乳状液的能力。实验结果表明,在油脂分子结构中嵌入EO或PO后,产物EFO及PFO的自乳化性能及乳化性能均得到提高。在该实验范围内,EFO的自乳化力最高可达原油脂的36倍,乳化力则提升140倍以上。含大豆色拉油衍生EFO的油剂与含大豆色拉油的油剂相比,油剂含油率高;在与水互溶时,前者具有更宽的微乳区域,且微乳液稳定性好;其中优选出的油剂配方可与水以任意比例混合均形成微乳状液。

The novel types of alkoxylated fats & oils, that is, ethoxylated fats & oils (EFO) and propoxylated fats & oils (PFO) are synthesized directly from such natural plant oils as soybean oil,vegetable seed oil,palm oil and olive oil in the presence of a new kind of catalyst FY at 140 ℃ under 0.3～0.4 MPa.The self-emulsifying and emulsifying properties of EFO and PFO are examined.The lubricating oil containing ethoxylated soybean oil is tested and its stability is also examined.Experimental results show that the emulsifying and self-emulsifying power is enhanced after the plant oil is alkoxylated.Especially for the ethoxylated one,the self-emulsifying power is up to 36 times and the emulsifying power even more than 140 times those of the original plant oil in the range of the research.The lubricating oil containing ethoxylated soybean oil possesses higher oil content,and shows better thermostability and microemulsifying ability.When such lubricating oil is mixed with water,broader microemulsion phase is obtained than that containing soybean oil.The optimum formulation of the lubricating oil can form microemulsion with water even in any proportion.