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皮肤和毛发色素的生理调节 被引量:1

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摘要 哺乳动物的毛发、皮肤和眼睛存在黑素细胞。在这些组织中,黑素细胞的分布、增殖、存活以及不同数量和类型的黑素的生成受多种因素的调节。目前已经发现有近120个基因直接或间接地参与黑素生成的调节,其中50%的基因已被完全克隆化。在克隆化的基因中,有10个基因编码的蛋白质特异或非特异地存在于黑素小体内。这些基因的突变常引起色素沉着表型以及所编码蛋白质的结构和/或功能的多效性改变。酪氨酸酶是黑素生成所必须的,其它一些黑素小体蛋白,如TYRP—1,DCT和gp100也在调节色素生物合成中发挥重要作用。这些蛋白质的表达和功能不仅影响临床表现,也影响黑素的物理特性,特别是黑素的光防护特性。总之,黑素生成不仅受这些酶表达的调节,还受这些酶加工和整合到黑素小体,以及黑素小体微环境的调节。
出处 《临床皮肤科杂志》 CAS CSCD 北大核心 2003年第B12期2-8,共7页 Journal of Clinical Dermatology
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