桑树四倍体的诱导及其应用

Induction of Tetraploidy and its Application in Mulberry, Morus spp.

采用物理的辐射处理 ,化学的秋水仙碱处理和生物的杂交等技术方法 ,培育出桑四倍体材料 98份。其中用杂种实生幼苗秋水仙碱诱导的四倍体中 ,有些有较高的产叶量 ,可直接应用于生产 ;而大多数人工诱导的桑四倍体 ,则用作培育三倍体的亲本。诱导和利用人工四倍体资源 ,与二倍体桑杂交 ,以及无性固定三倍体或配制三倍体杂优组合 ,仍是桑树多倍体育种的主攻方向。

The techniques for induction and breeding of mulberry tetraploid are physical method, i.e. radiation treatment, chemical method, i.e. colchicine treatment and biological method, i.e. hybridization. By means of which a number of tetraploids have been bred and the names of them are listed in the paper. Some tetraploid varieties induced from young hybrid seedlings by colchicine treatment have higher leaf yield and it is possible to be directly used in sericulture production while most of the tetraploid are used as the parents of the hybridization for the breeding of triploid. It is yet an important way for polyploid breeding in mulberry through crossing the tetraploid with diploid and breeding triploid hybrid combinations by using induced tetraploid.