论农民工就业处于不利地位的原因和对策

The Reasons and Solutions of the Disadvantaged Position of Peasant Workers in Employment

肇始于20世纪80年代末的农民大规模进城就业,成为我国主要的社会问题之一。农民工由于受社会等级制度、户籍制度、自身条件等种种因素的制约,进城就业在有效就业信息获得、就业条件、基本权利维护等方面处于十分不利地位。从观念、制度、政策三层面着手可改善农民工不利的就业地位。具体来说,政府、市民和农民工自身必须改变农民工低人一等的看法,从社会公正制度、户籍制度和社会保障制度三个方面来加强制度建设,现阶段,在可操作的政策层面上关注农民工的微观生存状态则更有现实意义。

The large - scale immigration of peasants into cities has become one of the major -social problems in China since 1980. With the constraints of their class status, household register system and professional qualifications, peasant workers are in a disadvantaged position of employment in terms of information access, working conditions, warranty of basic rights, ect. The disadvantages of the migrant workers in employment might be improved at the interfaces of idea, system and policy. In detail, the government, urban citizens and migrant workers need to eradicate the idea that the migrant workers are inferior; the residential registration, social justice and security systems should be employed to strengthen the system construction; and it is significant to concern about the migrant workers' living conditions in the practical policy at present.