油气田的全球分布规律

Global Regularities of Spacial Distribution of Oil-Gas Fields

近年来世界各地的勘探实践表明,古老地台活动边缘的推覆体前缘逆冲带不但是最大的沉积区,而且是最大的油气聚集区。在古老地台边缘带最令人感兴趣的是被改造的碰撞型被动边缘,全球最重要的含油气盆地均分布在这里,42%的油气田发现于碰撞地台-褶皱盆地区。岩石圈板块边缘带在地球动力学营力的作用下,不但为沉积岩中所含的有机质向烃类的演化提供了热能,而且在水平挤压力的作用下,使岩石产生密集的裂缝形成次生储集层。控制着板块活动的大断裂是油气运移的通道,在断裂交汇处,巨大的压力降使流体的流动性提高,岩石圈板块的碰撞带,一方面促进了有机质的演化,另一方面使已形成的油气藏重新分配,从而最终导致次生大油气田的形成。

The article treats the proble m of paragenetic relationship between mobile and seismic belts and gas-bearing de posits of the world.Such a comprehensive approach has been never used in geolog ical practice,and we are the first apply it to resolve the problem.The result of re-search represents a substantial advance in understanding of the global r egularities of spacial distribution of the world hydrocarbon reserves.Mo-bile and seismic belts are the″indicator″structures controlling the major oil and g as bearing provinces of the world.The authors hope that the article will be of interest to broad scientific readership.