质子交换膜燃料电池及系统建模的研究与进展

State-of-art and prospect of models performance for proton exchange membrane fuel cell and stacks

对质子交换膜燃料电池(PEMFC)进行数学模拟,有助于了解电池内部的物理化学过程,为进一步优化电池结构、尺寸和操作条件提供参考。详细介绍了目前PEMFC关于质子交换膜、电极、单电池,电池组和系统四个尺度上的建模现状,并指出了现有模型的优缺点。主要讨论:(1)全氟磺酸膜反胶束离子簇模型,微观尺度上膜的传递机理;(2)电极内传质、传热过程,分析各种电极模型的有效性; (3)水在膜内的传递现象,表明控制适当的水分布对提高电池性能非常重要;(4)单电池模拟过程中对热平衡和水平衡同时考虑。最后,分析了质子交换膜燃料电池建模的发展方向。

Modeling studies of proton exchange membrane fuel cell (PEMFC) have significantly contributed to the understanding of the physico-chemical phenomena occurring in a fuel cell, and also provide a valuable tool for the optimization of structure, geometry and operating condition of fuel cells and stacks. The present status of PEMFC models at membrane, electrode, membrane-electrode assembly, single cell, stack and system levels were reviewed, and drawbacks of those models also were given. Emphasizes on: (1) the cluster-network model of perfluorosulfonic membranes, and the understanding on microscopic level of how the membrane operates; (2) the models of charge and mass transport coupled to electrochemical reaction in the electrodes, the validity of different models of electrode; (3) water transport mechanism through membrane, which is vital to improve the performance of MEA;(4) problems of water and thermal management should be solved simultaneously in fuel cell model. Finally, the development trends of fuel cell model were discussed.