石油地质学中几个有争议的问题

Some Disputable Issues about Petroleum Geology

油气有机成因说认为,岩石中的分散有机质是生成油气的原始物质,但大量的实际资料证实,岩石中的分散有机质并未参与油气生成过程,在自然界中也并不存在实验室中从岩样粉末中抽提出有机质所要求的条件。在地球深处有取之不尽的游离氢和挥发性碳化物,它们在幔源的高温高压条件下发生反应,形成烃类流体所有的烃类聚集,包括油田、气田,沥青矿和可燃性页岩都是在晚第三纪由深部流体非生物生成的。提出了煤与石油一样,都是由深部热液而形成的观点。在由地幔热液流生成油气和油气聚集的过程中,断至地幔的深大断裂(输导断裂)起着至关重要的作用。

According to petroleum organic origin theory,the original materials for hydrocarbon generation are the dispersed organic matters in rocks.But a great amount of actual data indicate that the dispersed organic matters in rocks are not entered into the process of hydrocarbon generation,and conditions required for extracting organic matters from powder rock samples in a lab are not existed in nature.In contrary,there exist inexhaustible free hydrogen and volatile carbonide in deep crust,which may react each other under high temperature and high pressure in mantle source,forming hydrocarbon accumulations provided with hydrocarbon fluid such as oil field,gas field,bitumen deposit and combustible shale.They could all be generated by deep inorganic fluid in Neogene.In addition,this paper presents an idea of coal can be formed by deep hydrothermal fluid as the same as crude oil.During the process of petroleum generation and accumulation caused from mantle hydrothermal fluid,discordogenic fault or transport faulting broken to the mantle would play the most significant part.