陕西大荔县改水对氟牙症患病情况的影响

Effect of drinking water change upon the dental fluorosis

目的 观察陕西省大荔县龙门和皇都两村改水前后氟牙症的发病及流行情况 ,探讨改水对氟牙症发生的影响。方法 将 2 91名中小学生分为 2个组 ,①改水后组 :年龄 10～ 11岁 ,在改水1～ 2年以后出生 ,一直饮用含氟量为 1 2mg/L的新水源。②改水前组 ,年龄 15～ 16岁 ,在改水前4～ 5年出生 ,即在牙冠的形成发育期饮用 2 0～ 10 0mg/L的高氟水。根据Dean′s分类法记录受检者的牙齿情况。用t检验和 χ2 检验进行统计学分析。结果 ①改水前后两组的患病率分别为87 2 %和 4 8 8% ,改用新水源后 ,氟牙症的患病率下降了 38 4 % ,其中改水前组中到重度氟牙症患病率分别为 32 0 %和 8 8% ;改水后组为 13 9%和 0。流行指数由 2 11降为 1 0 1,差异有高度显著性(P =0 0 0 )。②改水前两村间的患病率分别为 90 7%和 82 0 % ,差异无显著性 ;改水后的患病率分别为 5 7 1%和 38 7%。龙门村高于皇都村 ,差异有显著性 (P =0 0 18)。③在各组之间 ,女性的患病率均高于男性 ,但差异无统计学意义。结论 ①改用含氟量为 1 2mg/L的水源后 ,明显降低了氟牙症的发生 ;② 1 2mg/L的水氟含量对大荔县人群来说仍然偏高 ,需要进一步采取措施 ,降低该地区饮水中氟的含量。

Objective To assess changes in prevalence and degree of dental fluorosis in individuals born before and after the introduction of water with 1 2 mg/L fluoride instead of water with 2 0 10 0 mg/L fluoride previously used in Da Li County in China Methods The students ( n =291) were divided into 2 groups Thedental fluorosis was scored according to Dean′s classification The statistical analysis was performed by t test and χ 2 tests Results The prevalence of dental fluorosis was significantly lower in the group of the students drinking water from the new well (group 1) as compared to the group of the students drinking the old water (group 2), i e 48 8% versus 87 2% ( P <0 01) The percentage of moderate to very severe fluorosis was 13 9% and 0 in group 1 as compared to 32 0% and 8 8% in group 2 The fluorosis community index (FCI), defined by Dean, in group1 and 2 was medium (1 01) and marked (2 12) respectively Conclusions The results showed that: ①The prevalence of dental fluorosis was significantly lowered by the new source of drinking water ②Drinking water, even with 1 2 mg/L fluoride, may cause dental fluorosis during the period of tooth mineralization