湿热环境下大鼠爆炸伤组织缺损创面动物模型的建立

Establishment of animal models of tissue defect of explosive injury in rats under humid and hot environment

目的建立湿热环境下大鼠爆炸伤软组织缺损的动物模型,以供对爆炸伤引起的战伤慢性创面的病理、病理生理学以及修复治疗进行深入的研究。方法采用8#瞬发纸制电雷管为爆炸源模拟爆炸性武器的爆炸冲击波,致伤大鼠背部软组织,建立大鼠背部爆炸伤软组织缺损动物模型。采用检测致伤参数,观察两组不同时间的动物伤情、愈合时间及死亡率。结果创伤4h两组的病理观察基本相同。6～8h后高温高湿组较常温常湿组创面及肌肉变色区明显扩大且有腐败臭味,有感染现象;而常温组12～24h始出现明显臭味。常温常湿组21d伤口基本愈合,愈合率为83.3%(15/18);高温高湿组21d愈合率为0,28d愈合率为11.1%(2/18)。软组织创面范围(6.5±1.4)cm×(7.5±0.7)cm×(1.7±0.2)cm。结论该背部爆破冲击复合伤软组织缺损动物模型能较真实地模拟爆炸伤的致伤效果,伤情与实际爆炸伤接近,重复性和稳定性好,可为湿热环境下爆炸伤慢性创面基础与救治研究提供良好的动物模型。

Objective To establish animal models of parenchyma damage in rat s caused by explosive injury under humid and hot environment so that the pathology , physiology and repair of the chronic battle wound can be studied. Methods 36 a dult SD rats were randomized into a group of normal temperature and humidity and a group of high temperature and humidity. The animal models of explosive injury were established when the explosion of snap caps wounded the backside soft tiss ue of rats. The animal wound, the healing up time and the mortality rate were ob served at different time points in the two groups respectively. Results The path ology in the two groups was found to be the same 4 hours after the injury. The w ound surface and muscle in the hot and humid group changed obviously with signs of putrefaction and infection 6 to 8 hours after the injury, but in the control group (normal temperature and humidity) such signs were observed 12 to 24 hours after the injury. The average healing time of wounds in the control group was 21 days, with the healing rate being 83.3%(15/18). But in the hot and humid gro up the healing rate was 0%21 days after the injury, and 11.1 %(2/18) 28 days a fter the injury. The area of soft tissue wound was (6.5±1.4)cm×(7.5±0.7)cm×( 1.7±0.2)cm in the two groups. Conclusion The animal models of explosive injury can truly simulate the effects of explosive wounds with good repeatability and stability so that they can be used in the experimental research on the theoretic al and clinic management of the explosive injury under different environments.