优秀女子短跑运动员有氧-无氧能力特征及训练效应

Aerobic-anaerobic capacity of excellent female sprinter and the training effect

目的:通过女子短跑运动员1年训练中有氧-无氧能力的跟踪观察,为训练监控中的综合分析评定提供参考。方法:21名优秀女子短跑(100～400m)运动员和10名中跑(800～1500m)运动员参加预期性研究;分别在Max-1气体代谢分析仪上完成最大有氧能力试验;在Monark834E功率车上完成改进的Wingate无氧试验。根据年训练周期,共进行3次该组合试验并分析其间的关系。结果:在基本能力评定中,短跑组VO2max显著低于中跑组(平均为2.41和2.74L/min,P<0.05);最大无氧功(PeakPower,P-peak)和平均无氧功(AveragePower,P-ave)显著高于中跑组(分别为744.2和584.2W,P<0.01;517.7和427.8W,P<0.01)。在跟踪测试中,短跑组显示前半周期最大输出功率(MaximalOutputPower,Wmax)、最大通气量(MaximalVoluntaryVentilation,VEmax)和P-ave显著提高,后半周期VO2max,VEmax和最小无氧功(LowPower,P-low)明显下降,而起始无氧功(StartofLoading,P-sta)和P-peak显著提高。中跑组仅在后半周期VO2max显著提高;VO2max,Wmax和VEmax分别与P-low,P-ave呈正相关(r=0.47～0.70,P<0.05)。结论:速度耐力是短跑的关键素质,不仅与无氧代谢能力有直接关系,也离不开有氧供能基础.短跑成绩的提高,需重视最大速度和专项耐力的协调发展。对有氧-无氧能力的组合监测,有?

AIM:To observe aerobic anaerobic capacity of the female sprinters for one year training,to provide reference for the evaluation of comprehensive analysis in training monitor process. METHODS:21excellent female sprinter(100-400 m) and 10 female middle distance runners(800-1 500 m) participated in the prospective study,in which the 3 group tests including the maximum aerobic capacity measured by MAX 1 gas metabolic analyzer and the modified Wingate anaerobic test was finished on the Monark 839E power machine.The tests were made for 3 times and the relation between them were analyzed according to the cycle of year training. RESULTS:In the evaluation of basic capacity,the VO2max of the sprinter group was significantly lower than those of the middle distance runner group(mean 2.41 and 2.74 L/min,P< 0.05), while peak power(P peak) and average power(P ave) were significantly higher than those of the middle distance runner group(744.2 and 584.2 W,P< 0.01;517.7 and 427.8 W,P< 0.01). In the follow up study, the maximal output power(Wmax),maximal voluntary ventilation(VEmax) and P ave of the sprinter group increased significantly in the first half period; while the VO2max,VEmax and low power(P low) decreased and the start of loading(P sta) and P peak increased significantly in the second half of the period. VO2max,Wmax and VEmax were actively related to P low and P ave(r=0.47-0.70,P< 0.05).