重庆市角膜捐献人群的现状分析

An investigation of current situation of corneal donors action in Chongqing

目的 研究重庆市角膜捐献人群的现状。方法 2 0 0 1年 5～ 12月抽样调查 140 0位重庆市市民对角膜捐献的意识和态度、有关角膜捐献知识了解的程度及实际角膜捐献的参与性 ,并对其进行分析 ;1999年 3月至 2 0 0 1年 12月对 12 78位身后捐献角膜志愿者的社会学资料进行分析和回访 ;1999年 5月至 2 0 0 1年 12月对 37位已经捐献眼球者社会学及相关医学资料进行分析。结果(1)问卷调查结果 :140 0份调查问卷中 ,回收问卷 110 8份 (79 14%) ,有效问卷 10 72份 (76 5 7%)。其中 5 0 6份 (47 2 0 %)愿意身后捐献角膜 ,6 72份 (6 2 6 9%)支持捐献角膜 ,70 1份 (6 5 39%)不知道重庆市已经建立了眼库 ,984份 (91 79%)不知道如何办理角膜捐献手续 ,80 7份 (75 2 8%)赞成尽快立法或制定地方性条例。 10 10份自愿角膜捐献者的问卷中 ,332份 (32 5 5 %)表示只捐献角膜 ;96 7份愿意身后捐献角膜或器官问卷中 ,875份 (90 4 9%)不愿意现在即办理捐献手续。 (2 ) 12 78位角膜捐献志愿者 :男性 5 5 0人 ,女性 72 8人。 791人 (6 1 89%)年龄≤ 30岁。学生、教师、医务人员、企事业单位干部及文职人员共 937人 (73 16 %) ,其中大专以上文化程度 82 4人 (6 4 4 8%)。 (3) 37例已捐献眼球者 :年龄 2 0～ 88岁 。

Objective To evaluate the current situation of corneal donors and possible way to improve the corneal donation program in the city of Chongqing. Methods (1) The 1 400 residents of Chongqing were randomly surveyed to understand their ideas and attitudes towards corneal donation and to evaluate the correlation between their knowledge and their participation in the program in May～December, 2001.(2) The sociology data of 1 278 registered donors in the Chongqing Eye Bank were analyzed from March 1999 to December 2001.(3) The social-medical data of 37 eye donors were analyzed from March 1999 to December 2001. Results (1) Results of the random survey: the response rate was 79.14% (1 108/1 400),1 072 (76.57%) questionnare met the criteria for further analysis.47.20% of 1 072 persons would like to be eye donors, 62.69% supported eye donation, 32.55% would only donate their cornea, but 90.49% did not register to be a donor at present. Of those surveyed, about 2/3 were not familiar with the Chongqing Eye Bank, most did not know how to become an eye donor, and 75.28% supported local legislation to regulate donation.(2) Data of 1 278 registered eye donors: 550 were males and 728 were females, 61.89% were 30 years old or younger, most were students, teachers, medical staff or white-collared workers in general, and more than half had a university level education. (3) Data of 37 eye donors: 25 were males and 12 were females, age range was 20～88 years old, the main causes of death were malignant tumors and cardio-cerebral vessel disorders,59% had nine or less years of education while only 11% had a university level education, and nine were also cadaver donors.The clinical utilization rate of eyes was 73%. Conclusions (1) There are a significant number of people who are willing to be eye donors.Education level and age do not affect their decision to become donors.(2) Only a small percentage of the mass are registered eye donors.(3) Legislation regarding eye donation should be enacted as soon as possible.(4) Corneal donations could be higher than those at present.