表面活性剂与染料的相互作用及受控染色(一)

Interaction between surfactant and dyestuff and controlled dyeing process(I)

简要介绍了重要的新型表面活性剂的化学结构 ;然后对这些表面活性剂聚集体 ,包括单分子膜、胶束、反胶束、泡囊、聚合泡囊、聚合物泡囊、双层类脂膜和多层铸膜等的结构和性能作了较系统的介绍 ,分析了它们用于染色加工的可能性 ;重点介绍了表面活性剂的胶束与染料的作用方式和机理 ,分析了这些作用对染色的影响。结合作者近年来研究表面活性剂在染色中的作用 ,介绍了纤维、染料和表面活性剂在染色过程中的相互作用 ,分析了表面活性剂在受控染色中的重要性和它们对染料发生增溶、分散、竞染、缓染、匀染、促染、增深和改善提升性和色牢度等方面的作用 ;最后对增溶染色的理论概念和工艺作了分析 ,并认为通过加强对表面活性剂的应用研究 ,不仅可提高染色加工效率 。

In this paper, chemical structures of some new and important surfactants are chiefly introduced. Then the structures and properties of these surfactants aggregates, including monolayer, micelles, reversed micelles, vesicles, polymerized vesicles, polymeric vesicles, bi-layer lipid membrane and cast multi-layers etc. are systematically introduced, and the possibilities of using these surfactants in dyeing are also analyzed, particularly in the methods and mechanisms of actions between surfactant micelles and dyes, and their influences on dyeing. Based on the author's researches, the interactions among fibers, dyes and surfactants during dyeing are described, and the importance of surfactants in controlled dyeing and their actions to dyes such as solubilization, dispersion, competing dyeing, retarding dyeing, level dyeing, accelerating dyeing, deepening, as well as improving building-up property and color fastness etc. Finally, the concept and process of solubilizing dyeing are analyzed. Therefore, not only can the dyeing efficiency be increased, but also high efficient and ecological dyeing methods be developed via strengthening researches on the application of surfactants.