废旧机电产品资源化的基本途径及发展前景研究

Basic Approach and Developmental Foreground Study of Resource Recovery For Used Electromechanic Products

废旧机电产品资源化是以废旧机电产品为对象,通过现代技术与工艺加工,在规范的市场运作下,最大限度地开发利用其中蕴含的材料、能源及经济附加值等财富,使其成为有较高品位可以使用的资源,以达到节能、节材、保护环境等目的,从而支持社会的可持续发展。废旧机电产品资源化的基本途径是再利用、再制造和再循环,目标是使再利用、再制造的部分最大化,使再循环的部分最小化,使安全处理的部分趋零化。参考发达国家开展废旧机电产品资源化的成效并结合我国国情,可预测我国废旧机电产品资源化到2020年将达到年产值640亿美元,并提供200多万人就业;将通过质优价廉的再制造产品提高人民的物质文化生活;将消除工业及电子垃圾的污染及危害,其社会效益、经济效益和环保效益十分显著。推动废旧机电产品资源化的关键是建立相应的法律体系,规范废旧机电产品资源化企业行为及市场运作,确立废旧机电产品资源化的制造商责任制,对废旧机电产品资源化企业实施认证制度,并加强包括先进表面工程技术在内的各项资源化关键技术的研究。

Resource recovery of waste electromechanical products(WEMP)means that by using modern techniques, technological machining and regular market regulation, to regenerate maximumly the materials, energy and accessional values contained in WEMP, achieving the purpose of saving energy sources, raw materials protecting environment, and supporting the sustainable development of our society. The basic approaches of resource recovery of WEMP involve reuse, remanufacturing and recycling, aiming at to maximize the part of reuse and remanufacturing and minimize the part of recycling. In view of the achievements of developed countries and the situation of our country, we can forecast that the annual production value will reach 64 billion US Dollars at 2020, and provide over 2 million job positions. People抯 living standard will be improved by this resource recovery. The key points of driving it forwards are establishing the corresponding law system, regulating the behavior of enterprises and the operation of markets, defining the responsibility system of producers and strengthening the researches of key technologies including advanced surface engineering techniques