干旱沙漠地区春小麦的水分与氮肥利用效率研究

Study on Utilizing Efficiency of Water and Nitrogenous Fertilizer on Spring Wheat in Arid Desert Region

在沙坡头试验站养分循环池进行的水肥正交试验中,研究了不同水肥条件对小麦生长和产量形成的影响及其水肥利用效率。试验结果表明,在设计水肥条件下,肥料因素对小麦生长和产量形成的影响大于水分因素;中高水肥条件下,水肥协调有利于小麦生长和获得高产。灌浆期植株上部有效叶面积的大小和维持时间与经济产量的形成有很显著的正线性相关。该地区小麦水分利用效率较高的适宜土壤水分范围在田间持水量的40%左右,适宜的肥料(N肥)经济施用量为300kg·hm-2左右,目标产量为7 0t·hm-2。

The effect of different water and nitrogenous fertilizer levels on the growth and yields of wheat; the utilizing efficiency of water and fertilizer have been analyzed in the paper. Experimental results indicated that the effect of nitrogenous fertilizer factor is greater than water factor in designed water and fertilizer levels; and the harmonized water-fertilizer condition in designed middle and high water-fertilizer levels make for the growth and high yields of wheat. In the grain filling stage of wheat, the available leaf area per plant and its sustainable time have a marked positive line relation to the yields. In the study region, the suitable soil water content for the highest water utilizing efficiency(\%WUE\%) of wheat is about 40% of field moisture capacity; the optimized nitrogenous fertilizer application is about 300 kg\5hm^(-2). On this water and fertilizer level, the highest yield is about 7\^0 t\5hm^(-2).