供需链系统的协调机制与风险分配

Risk allocation in a coordinated supply chain system

为了研究供需链系统的协调机制对系统风险分配的影响,提出了一种系统风险的量化方法。使用该方法证明了供需链达到协调状态时,回购策略下供需双方风险不变;双边价格策略下,供需链上下游总有一方风险为零,另一方承担系统全部风险;而目标减免折扣策略下销售商风险始终大于供需链系统风险。结合对经典合同策略的分析,提出了一种新的策略形式,不但能够协调供需链系统,而且可将利润与风险在供需双方任意分配。

A quantitative risk measurement method was developed to analyze the influence of the coordination mechanism on risk allocation in the supply chain. The method was used to study risk allocation when the supply chain achieves channel coordination with several commonly used contracts. When a buy back contract is used, the risk of the retailer is equal to that of the manufacture. When a two part tariff contract is used, the risk of one unit is zero and the risk of the supply chain system is taken by the other side. When a target rebate contract is used, the risk of the retailer is larger than that of the supply chain. The characteristics of these contracts were then combined into a new kind of contract where the supply chain achieves channel coordination and the system profit and risk of arbitrarily are allocated between the retailer and the manufacturer.