西藏农牧区基层公共服务供给与减少贫困

The Relationship between Public Service Supply and the Lessening of Poverty at in Grass-root Units in Tibetan Agricultural and Pastoral Areas

近20年来,在内地大部分地区尤其是欠发达地区基本公共服务供给不足和分配不平等加剧的情况下,西藏地方政府却保证了农牧业生产支持系统的正常运转、加强了对基础教育和基本健康服务的公共投资,并保证了对弱势群体的重点救助。这其中的主要原因一是在于,大规模的外来援助使得当地政府具有执行公共职能所必需的财政资源;二是由于外在的监督促使地方政府保持足够的政治意愿,向低收入群体提供廉价或免费的基本公共服务。这实质上是一种投资取向的收入再分配,无论在短期还是在长期内,都有助于减少市场机制运行带来的经济不平等,或者说有助于缩小地区之间、行业之间和社会群体之间的经济差距。

In the recent 20 years, while the supply of basic public supply has been short and the inequality in distribution has been enlarging in most of China's interior areas, the local government of Tibet, how- ever, has maintained the normal operation of the system of supporting the agro-pastoral production, increased the public investment in elementary education and basic health services, and particularly helped the group of people in difficulty or weak in economic position. For this, there are mainly two reasons. The first one is that the large amount of aid from outside has given the local government the financial resource necessary for it to exercise the function of offering public services. the second one is that the supervision from outside has impelled the local government to be politically willing enough to provide the low-income people with cheap or free basic public services. Essentially, this is redistri- bution of income from investment, conducive-whether in the short run or in the long run-to reducing the economic inequality caused by operation of market economy or, to putting it another way, to narrowing the gap between areas, between business lines and between social groups.