白冠长尾雉孵卵行为的无线电遥测研究

A STUDY ON THE INCUBATION BEHAVIOR OF REEVES’S PHEASANT(SYRMATICUS REEVESII)BY RADIO TRACKING

20 0 1年 4月至 2 0 0 3年 6月 ,在陕西佛坪县和河南董寨国家级自然保护区对白冠长尾雉(Syrmaticusreevesii)的孵卵行为进行了研究 .先后遥测了 4只雌性个体 ,对 5窝正在孵卵的雌鸟进行了观察 ,结果表明 ,白冠长尾雉的平均窝卵数为 (8.86± 2 .11)个 ,产卵间隔约为 2 4h ,产下最后 1枚卵即开始孵化 ,孵化期 2 6～ 2 7d ;巢温为 (34.5± 0 .1)℃ ;雌鸟单独孵卵 ,平均每 2 .3d离巢 1次 ,平均离巢时间 (110± 2 4 )min ,79%的离巢行为发生于 16 :0 0之后 ;离巢的雌鸟有较固定的取食地 .列联表检验表明 ,天气状况对雌鸟是否离巢觅食有显著影响 (χ2 =9.0 89,ν =3,P =0 0 2 8) .多元线性回归表明 ,离巢时间早晚与离巢时间长度有显著的线性关系 (t=- 2 .14 6 ,P =0 0 4 6 ) .卵质量与孵化时间有极显著的相关性 (F =32 .0 3,ν =35 ,P =0 .0 0 0 ) .孵化过程中 ,卵在巢中的位置有明显的变化 .

From April 2001 to June 2003, the incubation behavior of Reeves's pheasant ( Syrmaticus reevesii ) was studied in Foping country, Shaanxi Province and Dongzhai National Nature Reserve, Henan Province. 4 female pheasants were captured and radio collared. And totally 5 nest were observed. The average clutch size of Reeves's pheasant is 8.86±2.11. The interval time of egg laying is about 24 h. The female begin to incubate immediately after laying the last egg. Incubation time is 26～27 d. Temperature in nest is (35.1±1.3)℃. The female incubate alone and leave nest for feeding each 2.3 days. 79% of the feeding behavior happened after 16:00 and last (110±24)min. The female have comparatively changeless feeding site. K independent samples nonparametric test show that weather has significant effect on whether the female will go out for feeding or not( χ 2=9 089, ν =3, P =0.028). The time of leaving has significant effect on the length of feeding time( t =-2.146, P =0.046). Mass of eggs significantly related with the days of incubation ( F =32.03, ν =35, P =0.000). The positions of eggs in nest are frequently changed during the incubation period.