市场分割、资本深化和教育深化——关于就业问题的进一步思考

On the Division of the Market and the Optimization of Capital and Education

就业压力是我国现阶段及今后长期面临的重要问题。劳动力市场 ,尤其是城乡劳动力市场的分割是导致我国资本深化的重要原因 ,资本、技术密集型产业过度发展限制了劳动需求 ,进一步加剧了就业压力 ;劳动力市场分割增加了行业专用性人力资本投资的风险 ,降低了投资的积极性 ,间接引发文凭教育过度。建立全国统一的劳动力市场 ,是缓解我国资本深化、教育深化的重要措施 ,也是解决我国就业问题的根本所在。

The pressure for employment is a serious problem in China now and will remain so for a long time. The labor market, especial the division of this market, is an important cause leading to the necessity of optimizing the capital in China. The over-development of the capital- and technology-intensive industries restrains the need of labor force, which in turn intensifies this pressure. The division of the labor market increases the risk of capital investment in professionals, which also dampens the investment enthusiasm and indirectly leads to the over-development of diploma-oriented education. The establishment of a unified labor market in China is an important measure in optimizing the capital distribution and education and the foundation for solving unemployment in China.