马克思恩格斯论科技与人的全面发展

Marx and Engels' Viewpoints on Technology and the Full Development of Human Beings

从散见于马克思、恩格斯全部学术成果的技术哲学思想中,可以挖掘出丰富的、非凡的关于科技与人的全面发展的思想。他们从对人的本质分析入手,指出技术作为一种实践活动是人的本质力量的对象化。人的进步和发展是以其自身的多样性的异化得到表现的。而造成人的异化的社会分工的产生和国家的出现,在本性上都是技术和工业的一个结果。马克思把人的片面化,看作历史展开并完成自身的一个必要的、不可剔除的内在环节。但人类异化的克服,从根本上仍然需要依靠技术进步与工业文明。技术与工业文明是人类彻底解放的根本力量,同样也是人类最终获得自由的根本动力所在。

We can find plenty of extraordinary thoughts that Marx and Engels had made on technology and the full development of human beings from all kinds of their works. According to their analysis on the essence of human beings, Marx and Engels pointed out that as a kind of practical activity, technology is the objectification of human beings' essential power. The progress and development of human beings is based on the alienation of their own diversity. In fact, it is technology and the development of industry, which cause the alienation of the division of social labor and the emergence of nations. Therefore, Marx takes the one-sidedness of human beings as a necessary inner segment during the process of history. However, in order to overcome the alienation of human beings, we still need to depend on the progress of technology and industrial civilization, which are both the underlying power of the thorough liberation for human beings and the basic force for the freedom of human beings.