略论孙吴统治者之阶级出身及其学术文化取向

Family Background and Cultural Orientation of Rulers of the Kingdom of Wu

汉末三国之世,中国学术文化发生了深刻的变化。究其原因,除了学术文化自身的内在因素外,还与当时统治集团中不同社会阶层的升降有关。东汉中后期以来,社会阶层的分别往往体现在文化取向的差异。就孙吴的情况看,其统治者出自寒门,缺乏儒学修养,轻视经术,提倡实用性的法术、兵学及史学,表现出"驳杂"的特点,以致长期未设博士、太学制度。这样,孙吴之经学主要依靠儒学世族之"家学"、"私学"及郡县"学官"而得以传播。

During the end of Han Dynasty and the era of the Three Kingdoms, Chinese academic culture has changed deeply. One reason for this is the internal derivation factor in academic culture, while the rulers' great change in social status plays a more important role. The difference in social status often embodies in cultural orientation. In the case of Wu rulers, they are most from humble families, lacking Confucianism and despising classics, advocating arts of governance, arts of war, and history, so that the system of court academician and Imperial College is absent for a long time in the kingdom of Wu. Conseguently, Confucianism in the Kingdom of Wu continues by means of private schools and official lecturers in prefectures and counties.