清末尊黄与中国早期现代化

Homage to the Yellow Emperor in Late Qing Dynasty and China's Early Modernization

中国的现代化属于后发外生型,是在外力作用下启动的,内驱力严重不足,因而急需具有变革能力的权威来领导现代化。清政府缺乏领导现代化的能力,得不到国人的信赖,非但无法充当现代化的火车头,反而成了现代化的绊脚石。革命派高举民族主义大旗,利用尊黄排满动员民众参与现代化,终于推翻了满清王朝。清末尊黄是中国早期现代化的特殊产物,是革命派争夺现代化领导权的必然选择。清末尊黄集中体现了中国早期现代化的诸多矛盾,同时发挥着助益现代化与阻滞现代化的作用。

China's modernization belongs to the type of late emergence from the outside; that is to say, it came into being under the effect of the external force. For the lack of internal drive, some talented authorities were needed to lead the modernization. Qing Dynasty was short of this talent, so it could not gain the support of the people. It acted not as a driving force for the modernization but as an obstacle. The revolutionaries upheld the banner of nationalism, took advantage of the homage to the Yellow Emperor to mobilize the people to participate in the modernization, and finally overthrew the Manchurian Dynasty. The homage to the Yellow Emperor at the late Qing was a special product of the early modernization and an inevitable choice for the revolutionaries to scramble for the leadership. The homage to the Yellow Emperor then materialize the plenty of contradictions and played its part both to promote and inhibit the modernization.