20世纪西方民主的转型及其启示

Transplacement of the 20th Century Hesperian Democracy and Its Apocalypse

20世纪是西方民主发展的一个重要历史阶段,它实现了近代民主向当代民主的重大转化。"非国家形态民主"和"治理型民主"的形成、民主制度的改进等对西方国家的社会政治产生了重大影响:协调型与冲突型两大民主理念模式的形成使西方民主理念的模式更加丰富,"少数原则"的提出使民主的原则更加科学,普选制、利益集团与新闻舆论三位一体的结合形成当代西方直接民主的机制,实现了间接民主与直接民主的结合。西方民主的转型对我国民主政治的建设具有重要启示意义,在我国的民主政治建设中,应注重民主理论与实践的统一,民主理念的确立,民主理想和民主现实的统一。

The 20th century is an important historical stage for hesperian democratic development. It makes democracy transfer from modern stage to the present one. The evolution of democracy in non-state running system and that of the administrative democracy, as well as the improvement of democratic system, are of great significance. Both the coordinate and conflict types of democratic pattern makes itself meaningful. The principle of Decision by The Fewest becomes a supplement to the whole set of democratic system. The combination of general election, interest groups and mass media helps the practice of indirect and direct democracy. The transplacement of hesperian democracy gives us a hint for the construction of socialist democracy, which includes the unification of democratic theories and practice, the establishment of democratic concept, and the coincidence of democratic ideal and practice as well.