汉语方言“达成”貌的类型学考察

A Typological Investigation on the Pan-aspect of Accomplishment in Chinese Dialects

汉语方言中达成貌的表现形式有形式上的附加、变音或助动,固定或交替,总合或分立等多种类型。不同的形式分别与近古历史上的“却”“着”“了”“去”相对应,可能是其发展。它们在自身形式上以及与宾语前置的相关性上表现出由北而南的走向,表现出彼此间的某种平行与不平行。

This paper discusses the concept and the general expression forms of pan-aspect and pan-aspect of accomplishment in Chinese,and from the typological point of view,lays special stress on the equivalent forms of le1 (了1),le2 (了2) in the Chinese dialects.The expression forms of the pan-aspect of accomplishment in Chinese dialects include use of auxiliary words,change of pronunciation and use of auxiliary verbs, fixed forms and alternative forms, multifunctional forms and monofunctional forms,etc.These different forms are separately equivalent to que(却)敗zhe(着)敗le(了)qu(去)in the near ancient times,and are probably their development.There is a north-to-south trend in their forms and the interrelation with the preposing of objects,and they are in a certain parallel with each other or not.These facts inspire us to put forward a systematic analysis method.