从空间对地观测到预测地球未来的变化(二)——NASA地球科学事业(ESE)技术战略分析

From Observing the Earth from Space to Predicting the Future Change of the Earth(Ⅱ):A Review on Earth Science Enterprise Technology Strategy

NASA地球科学事业(ESE)技术战略是ESE整体战略计划的核心部分,是ESE科学任务和目标实现的保障。技术战略包含了构成ESE战略框架5个基本部分中的观测与信息系统、先进技术两部分,提出ESE技术投资的战略目标是:规划、开发和引入先进技术,以便能进行科学观测并服务于优先应用领域。技术战略的内容包括:1ESE技术战略的目标与实现途径;2技术计划的实施步骤;3ESE技术计划投资的核心技术领域。围绕着NASAESE战略计划的科学目标与任务,这一强化的技术计划提出以科学、应用为先导,推动技术投资,以需求确定技术发展的优先领域;将ESE的技术能力需求与广泛的科学、技术、应用团体结合,寻求NASA内外的技术发展合作;通过合理地调配资源,减少重复,不断及时引入和培育先进技术,拓展未来的技术方法空间等科学管理理念,使技术投资回报达到最大。技术战略还根据ESE的科学主题和关键观测与信息技术挑战逐项规划了相应的技术投资与研发重点。

This paper is a continuation of a review on NASA' s Earth Science Enterprice (ESE). ESE Technology Strategy is the focal part of ESE.The ESE Technology Strategy includes: (1) the goal of ESE Technology Strategy and the approaches, (2) implementing options of ESE Technology Strategy and (3) the key technologies of investment by ESE Technology Strategy. Under the model of'Science/Applications Needs→Technology Options→Measurement Capability→Enabling Science/Applications', the priorities of technology development and in-space validation are determined based on Enterprise needs and the technology investment is optimized at the Enterprise level. The ESE Technology Strategy articulates its technology capability needs to a wide science/technology/applications community, and partners and collaborates with other technology development and validation programs within and outside of NASA to maximize the return on technology investment by minimizing duplication, expanding the future technology solution space, leveraging existing efforts and resources, and enabling technology infusion into flight missions and operational systems.