山地、绿洲、荒漠系统的特征分析

Characteristic Analysis on the Mountain,Oasis and Desert System

在干旱区山地、绿洲及荒漠系统 ( MODS)中 ,三大系统具有各自的固有特征和密切的耦合关系。山地系统是干旱区水资源的形成区 ,也是重要的矿质营养库和生物种质资源库 ,绿洲系统是生产力相对较高的区域和人类赖以生存和发展的中心 ,而荒漠系统则是干旱区面积广阔和环境相对恶劣的区域。地貌类型与气候特征决定耦合类型的基础和框架 ,水文特征决定耦合类型的空间格局 ,植被类型反映耦合类型的外貌 ,土壤状况影响耦合类型的功能 ,人为活动制约耦合类型的演变过程。维护 MODS的生态安全是干旱区生态建设和经济发展的重要基础。

There are some inherent characteristics and close coupling relation respectively in mountain and oasis as well as desert system in the arid zone. Mountain system is the formation area of water resources, which is also the nutritional base for mineral matters and resources bank of idioplasm. Oasis system is the area that have high productivity and center of existence and development for human being. Whereas desert system is the relative fragile area with spaciousness area in arid zone. Geomorphologic type and climatic characteristics mainly control the foundation and framework of coupling types. Hydrological characteristics decide the spatial patterns of coupling types. Meanwhile, vegetation types reveal the aspects of coupling types. Soil conditions have an effect on the functions of coupling types. The evolution process of coupling types is restricted by human activities. It is the important base that MODS are prevented for ecological construction and economic development in arid zone.