汉语时间表达中的“前后式”与“来去式”

The Form of "qian hou(前、后)" and the Form of "lai qu(来、去)" in Time Expressions in Chinese

汉语中 ,不管是借用方位词“前、后”表示时间 (“前后式”) ,还是借用动词“来、去 /往”表示时间 (“来去式”) ,实际上都有两种不同的隐喻方式 ,因此在语言表达中呈现出一些复杂的现象。但无论“前后式”还是“来去式” ,只有一种隐喻方式是基本的 ,另一种方式只起辅助或补充作用 ,是一种有标记的方式 ,人们在理解中能够分辨出来。

There are two means of metaphor to express time in Chinese, using direction noun 'qian hou'(前、后)(the form of 'qian hou'(前、后)) or using verb 'lai qu/wang'(来、去) (the form of 'lai qu'(来、去)). But only one is basic and dominant in the form of 'qian hou' and the form of 'lai qu'(来、去). The other is just complementary, and is a marked means of metaphor that can be identified from the understanding of context.