5Hartvigsen J,Christensen K,Frederiksen H,et al. Genetic and environmental contributions to back pain old age:a study of 2,108 danish twins aged 70 and older[J]. Spine, 2004,29 : 897-901.
6Turk DC,Flor H. Chronic pain: a biobehavioral perspective. In: Gatchel RJ, Turk DC, eds. Psychosocial factors in pain : critical perspectives[ M ]. New York : Guilford Press, 1999 : 18-34.
7Kehlet H. Multimodal approach to control postoperative pathophysiology and rehabilitation[J]. Br J Aneasth, 1997, 78 (Suppl) : 606.
8Richardson J, Sabanathan S,Shah R. Postthoracotomy Spirometric Lung function: the effect of analgesia. A review [ J ]. J Cardiovasc Surg(Torino), 1999,40: 445-456.
9Engoren M,Luther G,Fenn-Buderer N.A comparison of fentanyl,sufentanil,and remifentanil for fast-tract cardiac anesthesia[J].Anesth Analg,2001,93:859-864.
10Coda B A,Brown M C,Schaffer R,et al.Pharmacology of epidural fentanyl,alfentanil,and sufentanil in volunteers[J].Anesthesiology,1994,81:1149-1161.
