我国农田杂草治理技术的发展

Advances in cropland weed management in China

我国稻、麦、玉米、大豆及棉花等主要农作物农田杂草有580种, 属于危害重而又难于防除的有17种, 受杂草危害较重的农田有3 580万hm2, 年平均受草害减产12.3%～16.5%(加权平均).自1980年以来, 全国化学除草面积以年增200万hm2的速度扩大, 农田化学除草面积从20世纪70年代早期不到100万hm2扩大到近年来6 000万hm2.本文概述了我国农田主要作物杂草的发生危害、化学除草剂应用现状及其综合防治进展, 并提出今后杂草防除的设想与建议.

Rice, wheat, maize, soybean and cotton are main crops in China, which accounts for about 82% of the total cultivational areas. There are 580 species of weeds found in the crop fields, among which approximately 17 specias are the most harmful and difficult-to-control weeds. About 35.8 million ha of croplands are heavily damaged by weeds and the annual reduction of crop yields is 12.3%-16.5% (weighted average) . Since the early 1980s, the herbicide application area of crop fields has been steadily increased by approximately 2 million ha every year, from less than one million ha every year in the early 1970s up to more than 60 million ha in recent years. The occurrence and damages of weeds in main cropland in China, and the current situation of chemical herbicides application and integrated weed management were reviewed in this paper. It also put forth new conceptions and suggestions on future weed control.