萨特的“整体性”、“整体化”概念和他的“人学辩证法”

Sartre's Concept of "Whole Attribute","Integration" and His "Dialectics of Human Study

萨特认为 ,辩证运动来源于个体的多元复合的总体的“整体化” ,“辩证法”应该是在人的个体实践的“整体化”活动中来理解。“整体性”是经验可理论的个体实践的多元复合性关系及其结构的总体关联性 ,它是“整体化”的结果 ,也是“整体化”运动中具有惰性作用的暂时的调节性因素 ,它体现着个人的各种关系和结构 ,是可以通过触景生情的联想而予以把握的。“整体化”是人的不断发展的多元复合性关系的实践及其过程 ,另方面它也是实践场域的运动 ,并且 ,这二者是相互规定和制约 ,使个人及其实践始终面向未来 ,从而构成历史的辩证法 ;同时 ,“整体化”也就是人的最根本的存在。个人是历史的施动者 ,同时他也是被整体化者。所以在萨特看来 ,辩证法也就是“人学辩证法”。

Sartre stated that dialectical movement was originated from the overall 'integration'of an individual's multi-element composition, and 'dialectics' should be understood in the 'integration' movement of man's individual practice. 'Whole attribute' was the overall connection of multi-element compound relations and their structures of an individual's practice, which could be understood by experience. It was the result of 'integration' and also the momentary adjusting element which played an inertia role in the 'integration' movement. It depicted all kinds of relations and structures of an individual, which could be understood by the imagination of what the sight struck a chord in one's heart. 'Integration'was the practice and process of a man's developing multi-element compound relations and also the movement in the practical field, and they stipulated and restricted mutually, which caused an individual and his practice to face the future all the time, thus historical dialectics was composed, meanwhile, it also explained the most essential existence of a man. An individual was the agent of history, meanwhile, he was also integrated by history. So Sartre pointed out that dialectics was 'dialectics of human study'.