2003年SEG年会地震勘探新技术介绍

New technologies in seismic exploration: Observations on 2003 SEG annual meeting

对2003年SEG年会所发表的石油勘探新技术论文按采集技术、处理技术、偏移成像技术和其他技术四个方面做了简要总结。采集技术方面主要介绍了宽线地震在山地的应用,与万道高密度地震采集配套的高精度测量技术,以及基于吸收介质模拟的观测系统设计技术。处理技术方面重点介绍多次波的利用、无拉伸动校正和波动方程静校正。偏移成像技术方面介绍了双程波动方程成像、保幅偏移、各向异性介质成像、射束叠前成像、直接对多次波成像、一次波和多次波同时偏移成像、局部照明偏移、三维叠前偏移反褶积、绕射波成像和叠前深度偏移等。此外,还介绍了与裂缝和层状介质有关的各向异性问题,从地震数据中求取地史剖面,利用偏移数据模拟解释流程,断层自动追踪,以及层位自动解释技术。

This paper gives a general review of 2003 SEG annual meeting, topics include data acquisition, data processing, migration, and miscellaneous techniques. In data acquisition, we introduce the application of broadened line technology in the mountainous seismic survey, high precision measurement technique suitable for high-density (10000 channels) seismic data acquisition, and absorptive medium simulation based layout design. In data processing, the utilization of multiples, no stretching normal movemout correction, and wave equation static correction are described. Several migration methods are introduced, including two-way wave equation migration, amplitude-preserved migration, anisotropic migration, beam prestack migration, direct multiple migration, primary and multiple simultaneous migration, local illumination migration, 3-D prestack migration plus deconvolution, diffracted wave migration. Other topics include fracture and layered stratum related anisotropy, determination of geologic history from seismic data, simulation of interpretation flow with migration data, automatic tracing of faults, and automatic interpretation of horizons.