论诉讼程序在规则演进中的作用——兼论市场经济对诉讼程序的要求

On the Role of Litigation Procedure in the Development of Rules

在制度经济学的理论视野中,规则演进大致遵循着从习惯到习俗,再到判例或成文法的逻辑。而在从非正式的习俗规则到正式法律规则的转变过程中,司法活动的作用非常关键:司法活动确认了法律的存在、强化着人们关于法律的认识,而且一点一滴地改变着法律。驱使非正式的习俗规则演变为正式的法律规则的,是复杂社会对一种稳定的预期基础的要求,这一点在西方市场经济的发展过程中体现的尤其明显。市场经济的发展史同时还表明,相对于法律规则的系统阐述而言,一种完备的诉讼程序是发展市场经济更为关键和必要的条件。

In the view of institutional economics, the evolvement of an institution normally forrows the sequence from usage to convention, then to ease law or statute law. In the change from unformal vules of convention to formal vules of law, the judicial process is essential: it's judicial process which identifis the existence of law, strenthens the people' understanding of law, and changes the law from ease to case. It is the need which a complex society needs for the foundation of expectation that transforms an unformal role of conventions into a formal one of law, of which, the shaping of western maker economy is a particular exemplification. The development of market economy also reveals that, comparing with the formulation of legal roles, a set of self- organising proceedings is a more essential and necessal3, condition for the growth of market.