商代的疾患医疗与卫生保健

Medical Care and Health Care in the Shang Dynasty

殷墟甲骨文所见疾患种类繁多 ,学者多有董理。胡厚宣《殷人疾病考》首揭其端 ,其后学者踵事增华 ,屡有补充。近年台湾李宗撰文 ,补充前人所未备的材料及讨论诸家异说 ,考订精致 ,后出为上 ,然仍有未备之处。发凡甲骨辞例 ,细为寻绎 ,揭知商代 55种疾患 ,病象病因识明已达到相当水平 ,散积久演的医疗病患方法与卫生保健方面的社会成俗 ,内容相当丰富 ,标志着当时社会生活的文明发展状态。

More has become known about the diseases recorded on tortoise shell and oracle bone documents unearthed at the Yin ruins. Hu Houhuans Diseases of the Yin People was followed by much discussion and development. Li Zongkun from Taiwan recently provided some superlative new materials, and pointed to some contentious issues in the field. There is still room for further exploration, however. Based on careful study of the tortoise shell and oracle bone documents, I list 55 diseases recorded in the Shang dynasty, the causes and symptoms of which were well understood. Treatments for these diseases accumulated over years and widely practiced health care customs, which marked the level of civilization of the then social life.