人类活动对河流生态系统的影响

The Human Being’s Activities’ Impact on the Riverine Ecosystem

介绍了流域水利工程建设、农业生产及城市化对河流生态系统的影响。其中 ,大坝等水利工程造成了对河流的人为分割以及径流模式的改变 ,损害了河流廊道的物质、能量、物种输移通道的能力。现代农业生产在挤占漫滩、阶地的同时 ,还由于大量使用化肥、农药造成了难以解决的非点源污染问题。城市化进程由于地面不透水层数量的增加显著地改变了城市地区的径流特性 ,还造成了城市河流生态价值的严重损失 ;这些活动都直接或间接地改变或损害了河流生态系统的结构、功能。出于有效进行生态恢复的目的 ,强调树立流域生态观念的必要性 。

The human being activities' impacts on the riverine ecosystem, mainly including water resource's project, agriculture and urbanization is reviewed. The streams were segregated artificially by dams and their run-off mades were modified to the human being's mind, the stream corridor's ability to transport material, energy and species was seriously weakened. With the developing of modern agriculture, the transitional upland fringe and flood plains are occupied by modern agriculture, abused fertilizer and pesticides result in the non-point pollution, which are difficult to solve. In the process of urbanization, the increasing areas of the non-permeable cover changed the run-off mode of the urban stream and caused the degradation of their ecological value. All these activities changed or weakened the structure and function of the riverine ecosystem. In the aim of efficient ecological restoration of riverine ecosystem, the importance and necessity of establishment of the watershed ecology view are emphasized.