汉语义位“吃”普方古比较研究

A Contrastive Study On the Glosseme "eat" among Chinese Dialects

文章采用古今南北综合比较的研究方法,考察汉语普通话及41个方言点之间相对应的义位“吃”在聚合、组合方面的共时差异和历史演变。1)“喫”在东汉时的汉译佛经中就已出现,至少在晚唐五代“吃”语义场基本上完成了“食”与“喫”的更替。不同方言相对应的词位区域分布特征可以看作北方官话、近江方言、远江方言在类型特征上的表现,同时反映了源流特征和地域特征。2)普通话和方言相对应的义位“吃”在组合关系上存在着差异,这与古代共同语的传承、汉民族义位“吃”义域范畴扩展、不同方言自身整合特点有关。

By adopting a synthetic contrastive approach of combining dialects in ancient and cur- rent time, and dialects in the North and the South, this thesis makes both a synchronic and diachronic study on paradigmatic and syntagmatic relations of the glosseme 'eat' among Mandarin Chinese and 41 dialectal places. 1) '喫'appeared as early as in the Buddhist translation in the East Han Dynasty and replaced '食' in late Tang and Five Dynasties. The different geographical layout of the glosseme can be a presentation of types, and also a reflection of origin and area features between the Northern Chinese, the Near river Dialects and the Far from-river Dialects. 2) Differences among Mandarin and other dialectal areas exist in collocation range of the glosseme which can be explained by probing into the way of language heritage, the extension of semantic space of the glosseme in Chinese and the sys- tematization of the dialects themselves.